UPSC daily current affairs
Youngest IPL Debutant: Vaibhav Suryavanshi (14 years old)
- Historic Debut:
Vaibhav Suryavanshi, a 14-year-old cricketer, became the youngest player ever to play an IPL match, making his debut for Rajasthan Royals (RR). - Impact Substitute Role:
He was brought in as an Impact Player during the match against Lucknow Super Giants (LSG). - Memorable Start:
Vaibhav made headlines by hitting a six on the very first ball of his IPL career, facing veteran pacer Shardul Thakur.
World Liver Day 2025
🗓️ Date: 19 April 2025
🩺 Theme: “Food is Medicine”
Key Issue: Rising Cases of Fatty Liver Disease in Gujarat
- Shocking Stat:
📊 40% of Gujaratis aged 40+ now have Fatty Liver Disease, largely due to unhealthy eating habits. - Major Causes:
- Increased consumption of junk food, processed snacks, sugary drinks.
- Sedentary lifestyle and rising obesity.
- Medical Concern:
Many patients have normal liver enzyme levels, making the disease hard to detect without screening.
What is Fatty Liver (Hepatic Steatosis)?
- Excess fat accumulates in liver cells.
- Two main types:
- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD)
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) – now on the rise.
- Stages of Progression:
- Fatty Liver (NAFLD)
- Steatohepatitis (NASH)
- Fibrosis
- Cirrhosis
- Liver Cancer
‘Health of the Nation 2025’ Report – Apollo Hospitals
- Survey on 2.5 lakh patients (India-wide):
- 65% found with Fatty Liver.
- 52% had normal enzyme levels (silent progression).
- Compared to 38% prevalence in AIIMS study (2023) → alarming rise.
Expert Insights from Gujarat:
- Dr. Chirag Desai (Apollo Ahmedabad):
Fatty liver present in ~40% of people aged 40–60. Affects liver transplant decisions. - Dr. Pranjal Modi (IKDRC):
~50% of potential liver donors have fatty liver.
Transplants not done if liver fat >10%. - Dr. Bhavin Vasavada (Shalby Hospitals):
10% transplant cases fail due to donor fatty liver. Donors advised to lose weight. - Dr. Anand Khakhar (Zydus Hospital):
Fatty liver is part of a larger lifestyle disease spectrum affecting heart, kidneys, and overall metabolic health.
Preventive Measures for Fatty Liver Disease
✅ Eat fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains
❌ Avoid junk food, sugary drinks, red meat
🏃♂️ Stay physically active
📋 Get regular health checkups—especially if diabetic or obese
💧 Maintain healthy weight
Conclusion for Essay or Ethics Use:
“Fat is the new alcohol” for liver health. Lifestyle choices, particularly dietary habits, are now central to liver disease prevention and public health policy.
Elon Musk to Visit India in 2025
🛰️ Context: Regulatory progress for Starlink services in India
Key Highlights:
- Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, confirmed he will visit India later in 2025.
- Expressed that it was an honour to speak with Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
- Visit likely tied to:
- Expansion of Starlink (SpaceX’s satellite internet service)
- Future plans for Tesla’s India entry
Starlink in India:
- Awaiting regulatory approval from Indian authorities.
- Starlink aims to offer satellite-based internet in remote and rural regions.
- Has partnered with private telecom firms for rollout plans.
India’s Significance:
- Huge market for electric vehicles (EVs) and rural internet connectivity.
- Modi government promotes Digital India and EV mobility—aligning with Musk’s ventures.
- A potential Tesla gigafactory in India has been under discussion for years.
Why Important for India:
- Could boost:
- Rural internet access
- EV manufacturing and green mobility
- Tech-based FDI and innovation
- Symbolic of India’s growing tech partnership with global innovators.
Ethanol Blending in Petrol: 30% Target by 2030
📅 Announced On: April 19, 2025
📍 By: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
📰 Theme: Sustainable fuel & energy independence
🔑 Key Highlights:
- India aims to achieve 30% ethanol blending in petrol by 2030, a major step towards:
- Reducing crude oil imports
- Cutting carbon emissions
- Promoting green energy
- Ethanol is a biofuel derived from:
- Sugarcane processing (molasses-based)
- Fermentation of carbohydrates
- Synthetic methods like ethylene hydration
🛣️ Progress So Far:
- Ethanol blending started experimentally in 2001.
- By March 2025, ethanol blending reached 20% (E20) from 10% in June 2022.
- India’s original target for 20% blending by 2030 was preponed to 2025 by the CCEA in 2020.
- E20-compatible vehicles launched from April 2025 under the EBP (Ethanol Blended Petrol) programme.
💸 Economic & Environmental Impact:
- Ethanol blending saved:
- ₹1.13 lakh crore in foreign exchange
- Replaced 193 lakh metric tonnes of crude oil (till Dec 31, 2024)
- Helps mitigate:
- Air pollution
- Dependency on fossil fuels
⚙️ Challenges:
- E20 fuel may cause:
- Slightly reduced mileage
- Engine modifications required for older vehicles
🚗 Ethanol 100 Fuel:
- Launched in March 2024 by Petroleum Minister Hardeep Singh Puri in:
- Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP, and Delhi
- Suitable for high-performance engines
- Used in Flex-Fuel Vehicles (FFVs)
📌 Prelims Facts:
- Ethanol is classified as a renewable fuel.
- High Octane (100–105) rating makes it suitable for performance engines.
- E20 = 20% Ethanol + 80% Petrol
🩺 Bowel Cancer Case: Lessons in Early Diagnosis & Public Health Awareness
📅 Date of Report: April 19, 2025
📍 Country: United Kingdom
📰 Theme: Health Awareness, Public Health Negligence, Cancer Detection
👩⚕️ Case Summary:
- Name: Maria Paszkiewicz (76 years old)
- Diagnosis: Stage 4 bowel (colorectal) cancer with liver metastasis
- Outcome: Died just 3 days after diagnosis
- Issue: Early symptoms (frequent bowel movements, blood in stool, bloating) were misdiagnosed as food intolerance by doctors.
⚠️ Medical Negligence Highlighted:
- Repeated dismissal of symptoms (bloating, abdominal pain, change in bowel habits).
- Doctors attributed symptoms to dairy sensitivity or food intolerance.
- Diagnosis only confirmed after insistence on blood tests and further investigation.
📚 About Bowel (Colorectal) Cancer:
🔬 Definition:
- A type of cancer that begins in the colon (large intestine) or rectum.
- Fourth most diagnosed cancer globally.
🧬 Causes & Risk Factors:
- Low-fibre diet
- High intake of red or processed meat
- Obesity
- Smoking and alcohol
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
- Family history or inherited mutations (e.g., Lynch syndrome)
🔍 Signs & Symptoms of Bowel Cancer:
- Persistent change in bowel habits
- Diarrhoea or constipation
- Urgency and increased frequency
- Blood in stools
- Thin stool shape (pencil-like)
- Abdominal pain, cramping, and bloating
- Weight loss, fatigue, and anemia
- Lump in rectum or anal region
🧪 Diagnosis:
- Blood tests (check for anemia or inflammation)
- Colonoscopy
- Imaging tests (CT scan, MRI)
- Biopsy for confirmation
💊 Treatment Options:
- Surgery (if detected early)
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Targeted drug therapy
- Prognosis improves significantly with early detection.
📌 UPSC Mains Linkages:
🧾 GS Paper II (Governance, Health):
- Public health negligence
- Importance of early cancer screening in geriatric healthcare
- Strengthening Primary Health Centres (PHCs) for early detection
🧾 GS Paper IV (Ethics):
- Medical ethics: Ignoring patient concerns
- Importance of empathy in clinical decision-making
- Informed consent and patient advocacy
UPSC daily current affairs
UPSC daily current affairs
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